Designing a PICOT Card Game for Teaching Nurses Formulating Answerable Clinical Questions: A Delphi Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 community health nursing, faculty of nursing, Mansoura university

2 Faculty of Nursing Mansoura University

3 Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach to decision-making and problem-solving, used in a variety of fields, including nursing. In clinical practice, a culture that values EBP encourages nurses to question why certain processes are used and to be improved. Nurses need to learn how to formulate searchable and answerable clinical questions in a standardized PICOT format. The Card Game (CG) is an educational supplementary tool that strengthens the learning process. Aim: To design a PICOT CG for teaching formulate answerable clinical questions. Method: The researchers conducted a three-round Delphi design with a panel of 15 professional experts to design a consensus regarding the content, design, and features of PICOT CG on a five-point Likert scale. The researchers used convenient sampling techniques to select study participants. The study was conducted at the community health nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University. If the statement had a degree of agreement at ≥75% it was in consensus. The researchers developed Delphi survey tools. Results: In round 1, the content and features of the PICOT CG were 24 principles grouped under four domains: playability and playfulness, scientific content, components, and organization and card design. In round 2, eleven statements reached a consensus. In round three, thirteen statements reached a consensus. Conclusion: The researchers concluded that the Delphi process positively informed the design of the PICOT Card Game (CG) for teaching nurses how to formulate answerable questions. Recommendations: It is necessary to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of PICOT CG among nursing staff.

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